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M14 With Bipod M14 Airsoft Silencer

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M14 With Bipod M14 Airsoft Silencer


American vii.62 mm automatic rifle

Battle rifle, automatic rifle, sniper burglarize, semi-automatic rifle

U.South. burglarize, caliber 7.62 mm, M14
An M14 rifle with a magazine shown from the right side view

An M14 rifle shown with a xx-round magazine
Type Battle rifle, automatic rifle, sniper rifle, semi-automatic burglarize
Place of origin The states
Service history
In service 1959–present
1959–1964 (as the standard U.Due south. service rifle)
Used by See Users
Wars Run into Conflicts
Production history
Designed 1954
Manufacturer Springfield Armory
Winchester
Harrington & Richardson
Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge, Inc.
Produced 1959–1980[1] [2]
No. built ane.3 million[three]
Variants M14E1, M14E2/M14A1, M14K, M21, M25, Mk 14 EBR, M1A burglarize
Specifications
Mass nine.2 lb (iv.1 kg) empty
10.7 lb (4.85 kg) westward/ loaded magazine
Length 44.3 in (ane,126 mm)
Barrel length 22 in (559 mm)
Cartridge 7.62×51mm NATO (.308 in)
Action Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of burn down 700–750 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity 2,800 ft/s (853 1000/due south)
Effective firing range 500 yd (457 m)[4]
875 yd (800 m)/3,725 yd (3,406 m) maximum range[five] [6]
Feed organisation Stripper clips[7]
20-circular detachable box magazine
Sights Discontinuity rear sight, "barleycorn" front sight

The M14 rifle, officially the United States Burglarize, Caliber 7.62 mm, M14, is an American selective burn down battle rifle that fires seven.62×51mm NATO (.308 in) armament. Information technology became the standard-event rifle for the U.S. military in 1959 replacing the M1 Garand rifle in the U.S. Army by 1958 and the U.S. Marine Corps by 1965 until being replaced by the M16 burglarize beginning in 1968. The M14 was used by U.Southward. Regular army, Navy, and Marine Corps for basic and advanced individual grooming (AIT) from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s.[5] [8]

The M14 was the terminal American battle burglarize issued in quantity to U.S. military personnel. It was replaced by the M16 attack burglarize, a lighter weapon using a smaller caliber intermediate cartridge. The M14 rifle remains in limited service in all branches of the U.S. armed forces, with variants used as sniper and designated marksman rifles, accurized competition weapons, and formalism weapons by honor guards, colour guards, drill teams and formalism guards. Civilian semi-automatic models are used for hunting, plinking, target shooting, and shooting competitions.[5]

The M14 is the ground for the M21[9] and M25 sniper rifles which were largely replaced by the M24 Sniper Weapon System.[10] A new variant of the M14, the Mk 14 Enhanced Boxing Burglarize (EBR), has been in service since 2002.[eleven]

History [edit]

Early development [edit]

The M14 was developed from a long line of experimental weapons based upon the M1 Garand burglarize. Although the M1 was among the almost avant-garde infantry rifles of the tardily 1930s, it was not an platonic weapon. Modifications were already start to be made to the bones M1 rifle'southward design during the final months of World War II. Changes included adding fully automatic firing capability and replacing the eight-round en bloc clips with a detachable box magazine belongings 20 rounds. Winchester, Remington, and Springfield Armory'south own John Garand offered different conversions. Garand'southward design, the T20, was the virtually pop, and T20 prototypes served every bit the basis for a number of Springfield test rifles from 1945 through the early on 1950s.[12]

In 1945, Earle Harvey of Springfield Armory designed a completely unlike burglarize, the T25, for the new T65 .30 light rifle cartridge (7.62×49mm) at the direction of Col. Rene Studler, and so serving in the Pentagon.[13] The 2 men were transferred to Springfield Armory in late 1945, where work on the T25 continued.[13] The T25 was designed to use the T65 service cartridge, a Frankford Arsenal design based upon .30-06 cartridge case used in the M1 service rifle, only shortened to the length of the .300 Barbarous instance.[13] Although shorter than the .30-06, with less powder capacity, the T65 cartridge retained the ballistics and energy of the .30-06 due to the employ of a recently developed ball powder made by Olin Industries.[13] [fourteen] After experimenting with several bullet designs, the T65 was finalized for adoption every bit the vii.62×51mm NATO cartridge.[13] Olin Industries after introduced the cartridge on the commercial market every bit the .308 Winchester.[13] Later a series of revisions by Earle Harvey and other members of the .30 light burglarize design group post-obit the 1950 Fort Benning tests, the T25 was renamed the T47.[13]

The T44 prototype service rifle was non principally designed by whatever single engineer at Springfield Armory, but was a conventional blueprint developed on a shoestring budget as an alternative to the T47.[thirteen] With minimal funding bachelor, the earliest T44 prototypes used T20E2 receivers fitted with magazine filler blocks and re-barreled for the 7.62×51mm round, with the long operating rod/piston of the M1 replaced by the T47's gas cut-off system.[13] Lloyd Corbett, an engineer in Harvey'southward burglarize design grouping, added diverse refinements to the T44 design, including a direct operating rod and a bolt roller to reduce friction.[13]

Infantry Board service burglarize trials [edit]

The T44 participated in a competitive service rifle competition conducted past the Infantry Board at Fort Benning, Georgia against the Springfield T47 (a modified T25) and the T48, a variant of Fabrique Nationale's FN FAL (from "Fusil Automatique Leger", French for "calorie-free automatic burglarize").[15] The T47, which did not accept a bolt roller and performed worse in dust and cold atmospheric condition tests than both the T44 and the T48, was dropped from consideration in 1953.[13] During 1952–53, testing proved the T48 and the T44 roughly comparable in functioning, with the T48 holding an advantage in ease of field stripping and dust resistance, equally well as a longer product development lead fourth dimension.[13] [15] A Newsweek commodity in July 1953 hinted that the T48/FAL might be selected over the T44.[xiii] [xvi] During the winter of 1953–54, both rifles competed in the winter burglarize trials at U.Southward. Ground forces facilities in the Arctic.[xv] [17] Springfield Armory engineers, broken-hearted to ensure the pick of the T44, had been specially preparing and modifying the exam T44 rifles for weeks with the aid of the armory'south cold sleeping room, including redesign of the T44 gas regulator and custom modifications to magazines and other parts to reduce friction and seizing in extreme cold.[15] [17] The T48 rifles received no such special preparation, and in the connected cold weather testing began to feel sluggish gas organisation functioning, aggravated past the T48's close-fitting surfaces betwixt bolt and carrier, and carrier and receiver.[13] [15] [17] FN engineers opened the gas ports in an attempt to improve functioning, only this caused early/violent extraction and broken parts as a upshot of the increased pressures.[13] [15] [17] As a result, the T44 was ranked superior in cold weather condition functioning to the T48.[15] The Arctic Examination Board report made information technology clear that the T48 needed improvement and that the U.S. would not prefer the T48 until it had successfully completed another round of Arctic tests the following wintertime.[13] [15]

In June 1954, funding became bachelor to manufacture newly made T44 receivers specially designed for the shorter T65 cartridge.[13] This one alter to the T44 design saved a pound in rifle weight over that of the M1 Garand.[xiii] Tests at Fort Benning with the T44 and T48 continued through the summertime and autumn of 1956.[13] By this time, the T48/FAL rifles had been so improved that malfunction rates were almost every bit low as the T44.[13]

The T44 was selected over the T48/FAL primarily due to weight (T44 was a pound lighter), simplicity with fewer parts, the T44'south cocky-compensating gas system, and the argument that the T44 could be manufactured on existing mechanism congenital for the M1 burglarize (this later turned out to be unworkable).[13] [15] [17] [18] In 1957, the U.S. formally adopted the T44 as the U.S. infantry service burglarize, designated M14.[13]

Production contracts [edit]

Initial production contracts for the M14 were awarded to the Springfield Armory, Winchester, and Harrington & Richardson.[xix] Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge Inc. (TRW) would after be awarded a production contract for the rifle likewise. ane,376,031 M14 service rifles were produced from 1959 to 1964.[xx]

National Friction match M14 [edit]

Springfield Armory produced half dozen,641 new M14 NM rifles in 1962 and 1963, while TRW produced 4,874 new M14 NM rifles in 1964. Springfield Armory later upgraded 2,094 M14 rifles in 1965 and two,395 M14 rifles in 1966 to National Match specifications, while two,462 M14 rifles were rebuilt to National Match standards in 1967 at the Rock Island Arsenal. A total of 11,130 National Friction match rifles were delivered past Springfield Armory, Rock Island Arsenal, and TRW during 1962–1967.[20]

Production M14 rifles made past Springfield Armory and Winchester used forged receivers and bolts milled from AISI 8620 steel, a low-carbon molybdenum-chromium steel. Harrington & Richardson M14 product used AISI 8620 steel too, except for ten receivers milled from AISI 1330 depression-carbon steel and a single receiver made from alloy steel with a high nickel content.[20]

Deployment [edit]

A U.S. soldier with an M14 watches every bit supplies are dropped in 1967 during the Vietnam War.

A rare M14 presentation model, series No. 0010

Later the M14'due south adoption, Springfield Armory began tooling a new production line in 1958, delivering the showtime service rifles to the U.Southward. Regular army in July 1959. However, long product delays resulted in the 101st Airborne Segmentation being the merely unit in the army fully equipped with the M14 by the cease of 1960. The Armada Marine Force finally completed the change from M1 to M14 in late 1961. Springfield Armory records reflect that M14 manufacture concluded as TRW, fulfilling its 2d contract, delivered its final production increment in financial year 1965 (1 July 1964 – 30 June 1965). The Springfield archive besides indicates the 1.38 meg rifles were acquired for just over $143 meg, for a unit of measurement cost of nigh $104.[1] [two]

The rifle served fairly during its brief tour of duty in Vietnam.[21] Though it was unwieldy in the thick brush due to its length and weight, the power of the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge allowed it to penetrate cover well and at extended range, developing 2,560 ft·lbf (3,463 J) of cage free energy. However, at that place were several drawbacks to the M14. The traditional wood stock of the rifle had a tendency to swell and expand in the heavy moisture of the jungle, adversely affecting accuracy. Fiberglass stocks were produced to resolve this problem, but the rifle was discontinued before M14s with fiberglass stocks could exist distributed for field use. Besides, because of the M14'due south powerful 7.62×51mm cartridge, the weapon was deemed virtually uncontrollable in fully automatic way, and then most M14s were permanently fix to semi-automated burn but to avert wasting ammunition in combat.[xix] [14] [22]

The M14 was adult to supercede four dissimilar weapons: the M1 Garand rifle, the M3 submachine gun, the M1 Carbine and the M1918 Browning automatic rifle (BAR).[23] The intention was to simplify the logistical requirements of the troops by limiting the types of ammunition and parts needed to be supplied. However, information technology proved to be an impossible task to replace all these weapons; the M14 was accounted "completely inferior" to even the World State of war Ii M1 Garand in a September 1962 report by the U.South. Department of Defense comptroller.[24] The cartridge was likewise powerful for the submachine gun role and the weapon was simply too calorie-free to serve every bit a light machine gun replacement for the BAR.[25]

Replacement [edit]

The M14 remained the chief infantry rifle in Vietnam until it was replaced by the M16 in 1967, though gainsay engineer units kept them several years longer. Further procurement of the M14 was abruptly halted in early 1968 due to the U.Southward. Department of Defense force report which had also stated that the AR-15 (soon to exist M16) was superior to the M14. (The DOD did not cancel FY 1963 orders to be delivered.) After the study, a series of tests and reports by the U.S. Section of the Army followed that resulted in the decision to cancel the M14.[24] The M16 was ordered as a replacement for the M14 by direction of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in 1964, over the objection of the U.S. Army officers who had backed the M14. (Other factions within the Ground forces research and development community had opposed the M14 and the 7.62×51mm round from the start.) Though product of the M14 was officially discontinued, some disgruntled troops managed to hang on to them while deriding the early model M16 as a frail and nether-powered "Mattel toy" that was prone to jam,[26] [27] though these characteristics were later on discovered by a Congressional investigation to be the result of intentional attempts by Ground forces bureaucracy to sabotage the M16's field performance in Vietnam, at the cost of American lives.[28] In late 1967, the U.Southward. Army designated the M16 every bit the "Standard A" rifle, and the M14 became a "Limited Standard" weapon. The M14 burglarize remained the standard rifle for U.S. Ground forces Bones Training and troops stationed in Europe until 1970.[29]

The U.S. Ground forces converted several chiliad M14s into M21 sniper rifles, which remained standard upshot for this purpose until the adoption of the M24 SWS in 1988.

In 1969, tooling for the M14 was sold to Taiwan and afterward many rifles were exported to Baltic countries and Israel.[30] [31]

Mail-1970 U.S. war machine service [edit]

An Army marksman in Fallujah, Republic of iraq, using an M14 with a Leupold LR/T 10×40 mm M3 scope

In the mid-1990s, the Marine Corps chose a new rifle for Designated Marksman use, an M14 modified by the Precision Weapons Shop in Marine Corps Base Quantico called the Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR). It is intended for use by security teams (SRTs, FAST companies), and Marine Picket Snipers in the cases where a semi-automated burglarize would be more appropriate than the standard bolt-activity M40A1/A3 rifle. The USMC Rifle Team uses the M14 in shooting competitions. Although the M14 was phased out equally the standard-outcome rifle by 1970, M14 variants are still used past various branches of the U.Due south. Military besides every bit other military, especially as a sniper rifle and as a designated marksman rifle, due to its accuracy and effectiveness at long range. Few M14s were in use in the Army until the Transitional islamic state of afghanistan and Republic of iraq Wars. Since the get-go of these conflicts, many M14s accept been employed as designated marksman and sniper rifles. These are not M21 rifles, merely original production M14s. Common modifications include scopes, fiberglass stocks, and other accessories.[32] A 2009 report conducted by the U.S. Army claimed that half of the engagements in Afghanistan occurred from across 300 meters (330 yd).[33] America's v.56×45mm NATO service rifles are ineffective at these ranges; this has prompted the reissue of thousands of M14s.[34]

The 1st Battalion of the tertiary United States Infantry Regiment ("The Old Guard") in the Military machine District of Washington is the sole remaining regular U.S. Army combat field unit where the M14 is still issued equally the standard burglarize, along with a chromed bayonet and an extra wooden stock with white sling for military funerals, parades, and other ceremonies. The Us Air Strength Honor Guard uses a version of the M14.[35] The U.S. Navy Ceremonial Baby-sit and Base of operations Honor Guards also utilise the M14 for iii-volley salutes in armed forces funerals. Information technology is besides the drill and parade rifle of the The states War machine Academy, United States Naval Academy, United states Air Force University, The Citadel, Norwich University, Virginia Armed forces Constitute, and North Georgia Higher and State University.[36] U.South. Navy ships acquit several M14s in their armories. They are issued to sailors going on picket out on deck in port, and to Backup Alert Forces. The M14 is also used to shoot a large rubber projectile to another ship when underway to start the lines over for alongside refueling and replenishment.[37]

A SEAL operator with an M14 rifle participating in maritime interdiction enforcement during Operation Desert Storm.

Various sniper variants have been used by the United States Navy SEALs. Often mistaken for the M21 in the overt literature, only one of them has received a standard proper name in the U.Southward. armed forces designations system: the M25, developed by the Special Forces. SEALs as well use the Mk fourteen Mod 0 Enhanced Boxing Rifle (EBR) for close-quarters boxing and in a designated marksman function. "Delta Forcefulness" units are known to have used M14 sniper variants. Eric L. Haney indicated in his memoir Inside Delta Force that every soldier going through the Operator Preparation Course trained on the M14.[38] According to Blackness Hawk Down: A Story of Mod War, the well-known account of the Battle of Mogadishu, Sergeant Outset Course Randy Shughart used an M14 for sniping from helicopters to provide back up burn to basis troops.[39]

The U.S. Army Special Forces ("Greenish Berets") have made some apply of the M25 "scout burglarize". The M25 was developed in the late 1980s inside the tenth Special Forces Group, which was charged to support Special Forces sniper weapons as well as the Special Operations Target Interdiction Course (SOTIC). The M25 was start planned as a replacement for the quondam M21, just after the Army adoption of the M24 SWS as its standard sniper rifle, the M25 was intended to be used by spotters of the sniper teams, while the snipers would apply the bolt-action M24.

The M14 has remained in service longer than any other U.South. infantry rifle, surpassing the M1903 Springfield rifle. It also holds the distinction of serving equally the standard infantry rifle of the U.S. Ground forces for the second-shortest span of fourth dimension of any service burglarize, only surpassed past the curt-lived US Springfield Krag–Jørgensen rifles and carbines.[40]

Service with other nations [edit]

The Philippines problems M14 rifles, M1/M2 carbines, M1 rifles, and M16 rifles, to their civilian defence forces and various cadet corps service academies. The Hellenic Navy uses the M14.

The M14 production Springfield tooling and assembly line was sold in 1967 to the Commonwealth of China (Taiwan), who in 1968 began producing their Type 57 Rifle. The Land Arsenal of the Republic of China produced over 1 million of these rifles from 1969 to the present. Other than the surface cease it is essentially a U.s. rifle. It is used by the reserves and equally a fill-in defense weapon and used by airport guards.

In Mainland People's republic of china, Norinco has produced an M14 variant for export, being sold in the U.S. prior to the importation ban of 1989 and the enactment of the Tearing Offense Control and Police Enforcement Act of 1994. Rifles made by Poly Technologies were imported to the U.s.a. in the 1980s but were banned from further import in 1989 by the George H.W. Bush Administration.[41] They were being sold in Canada, Italia and New Zealand equally of 2008.[42] They have been marketed under the M14S[43] and M305 names.[44]

Rifle design [edit]

Receiver markings [edit]

Stamped into receiver heel:

  • U.S. Burglarize
  • 7.62-MM M14
  • Springfield Armory (or commercial contractor name)
  • Series number

Stock [edit]

The M14 rifle was first furnished with a walnut stock, and then with birch and finally with a synthetic (fiberglass) stock, which was adopted for use in damp jungle environments in Vietnam, since the woods versions would oftentimes become warped and bloated with wet. The stock was also fitted with a hinged shoulder rest for improved user comfort when firing from a decumbent position.[5] Original equipment walnut and birch stocks carry the Department of Defense credence stamp or cartouche (an arc of three stars higher up a spread-winged hawkeye). These stocks too carried a proof postage stamp, a P within a circle, applied afterwards successful exam-firing.

Rifles manufactured through late 1960 were provided with walnut handguards. Thereafter synthetic, slotted (ventilated) paw guards were furnished simply proved too delicate for military machine use. These were replaced by the solid synthetic part still in apply, usually in nighttime brown, black or a cover-up pattern.

Rifling [edit]

Standard M14 rifling has correct-mitt twist in i:12 inches with 4 grooves.

Accessories [edit]

Although M14 burglarize production ended in 1964, the limited standard status of the weapon resulted in the connected industry of accessories and spare parts into the late 1960s and beyond.

  • M6 bayonet with M8A1 sheath
  • M2 Bandoleer (Has vi pockets, each containing ii × v-round Mauser-type clips for a total of 60 rounds, and a pouch for a magazine filler. The sling was adjustable and was held in identify with a matte-black steel safety pin). Standard Operating Process was for the operator to utilize up the ammunition in the bandoleers before using the loaded magazines in the ammo pouches. The pockets' stitching could be ripped out to let the bandoleer to carry vi pre-loaded 20-round magazines.
  • Sling [The service burglarize used a jumpsuit cotton or nylon webbing sling and the contest and sniping variants use the standard M1907 ii-piece leather sling]
  • Cleaning kit (independent in the stock's butt-trap) included: a combination tool, ratchet chamber brush, plastic lubricant case, brass bore brush, iv cleaning rod sections, cleaning rod case, and a cleaning rod patch-holding tip.
  • M5 winter trigger and winter rubber
  • M12 blank firing zipper and M3 breech shield
  • Cartridge charger clip (holds 5 cartridges)
  • Magazine filler (or "spoon") for charging detached magazines externally. (The M14 has a groove over the activeness that allows the operator to place a loaded clip and top off the attached magazine internally through the open action).
  • M1956 Universal Small Arms Armament Pouch, Starting time Pattern (could concord 2 × twenty-circular M14 magazines horizontally).
  • M1956 Universal Modest Arms Ammunition Pouch, Second Pattern (could hold 3 × 20-circular M14 magazines vertically).
  • M1961 ammunition magazine pouch. (Could carry one × 20-round M14 mag. The bottom of the pouch independent eyelets for attaching a First Help Pouch or iii-cell (6 pocket) Grenade Carrier that could tie down around the thigh.)
  • M2 bipod
  • M76 rifle grenade launcher
  • M15 grenade launcher sight
  • Mk 87 Modernistic 0/1 line (rope) throwing kit

Types of sights [edit]

  • Rear peep, front blade, metric
  • Rear National Match peep with hood, front National Friction match blade, metric

Variants and related designs [edit]

A U.South. Border Patrol Agent with an M14 rifle on the northern U.S. edge.

Military machine [edit]

M15 [edit]

The M15 Squad Automatic Weapon was a modified M14 adult as a replacement for the .30-06 M1918 Browning Automatic Burglarize for use equally a squad automatic weapon. It added a heavier barrel and stock, two pistol grips (i fixed, one folding) a hinged buttplate, a selector switch for fully automatic burn, and a bipod. The sling was from the BAR. Like the M14, it was chambered for seven.62×51mm NATO.

Firing tests showed that the M14, when equipped with the selector switch, hinged buttplate and bipod, performed as well as the M15. As a result, the M15 was dropped and the modified M14 became the team automated weapon. Accurateness and command problems with this variant led to the add-on of a pistol grip, a folding prophylactic covered metal foregrip and a muzzle stabilizer. However, it was a poor suppressive fire weapon owing to twenty-round magazines and it overheated speedily.

M14E1 [edit]

The M14E1 was tested with a diversity of folding stocks to provide meliorate maneuverability for armored infantry, paratroopers and others. No variant was standardized.

M14E2/M14A1 [edit]

Selective burn version of the standard M14 used as a squad automatic weapon. Successor to the total-automated M14 with a bipod and the never issued M15. The developmental model was known every bit the M14E2. Equally a conceptional weapon developed past the Infantry School, it was known as the M14 (USAIB) (United States Army Infantry Board). Information technology was issued in 1963 and redesignated as M14A1 in 1966.

It had a total pistol-gripped in-line stock to control recoil, a plastic upper forend to salve weight, a cage compensator, the BAR sling, an M2 bipod, and a folding metal vertical foregrip mounted under the forend of the stock. Although an improvement over the M14 when in full-auto, it was still difficult to command, overheated rapidly, and the 20-circular mag express its ability to deliver suppressive burn.

M14M (Modified)/M14NM (National Match) [edit]

The M14M is a semi-automated only version of the standard M14 that was developed for use in noncombatant rifle marksmanship activities such every bit the Civilian Marksmanship Program. M14M rifles were converted from existing M14 rifles by welding the select-fire mechanism to foreclose full-automatic firing. The M14NM (National Match) is an M14M rifle built to National Match accuracy standards.

The M14M and M14NM rifles are described in a (now-obsolete) Ground forces regulation, AR 920–25, "Rifles, M14M and M14NM, For Civilian Marksmanship Use," dated viii February 1965. Paragraph 2, among other things, stated that the Managing director of the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Division, Internal Acquirement Service, Department of the Treasury (predecessor to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) had ruled that M14M and M14NM rifles so modified would not exist subject to the 1934 National Firearms Act (NFA) and, as such, could be sold or issued to civilians. Notwithstanding, with the passage of the Gun Control Act of 1968, the NFA was amended to prohibit sales of previously modified automated weapons such as the M14M and M14NM to civilians.

M14 SMUD [edit]

Stand-off Munition Disruption, used by Explosive Ordnance Disposal personnel to destroy unexploded ordnance. Essentially an M14 National Match rifle with scope.

Mk fourteen EBR [edit]

A soldier using a M14 EBR-RI equipped with a Sage M14ALCS chassis stock provides security in Iraq, 2006.

The Mk 14 Enhanced Boxing Rifle is a more than tactical version of the M14, with a shorter 18-inch barrel, a retractable stock and multiple runway for more accessories.

M14 Tactical [edit]

Modified M14 using the same stock as the Mk fourteen simply with a 22-inch butt and a Smith Enterprise cage brake, used past the U.S. Coast Guard.

M14 Designated Marksman Rifle [edit]

Designated marksman version of the M14, used past the U.South. Marine Corps. Replaced by the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle.

M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle [edit]

Modified M14 DMR fitted with the same stock equally Mk 14, used by the U.S. Marine Corps. Being replaced by the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper Organization.[45]

M89SR Model 89 Sniper Rifle [edit]

The M89SR is an M14 in bullpup configuration outset introduced past Sardius in the 1980s. Later on produced past Technical Equipment International (TEI) for the Israel Defense Forces

AWC G2A Sniper Rifle [edit]

AWC G2A Sniper Rifle is a modified M14 with bullpup stock designed by Lynn McWilliams and Gale McMillian in the late 1990s. Produced and delivered for testing at the Fort Bragg sniper school.

M21 and M25 sniper rifles [edit]

The M21 and M25 are accurized sniper models of the M14, assembled with more intendance and precision than is standard.

Commercial production [edit]

Armscorp M14 [edit]

From 1987 to 1994, Armscorp of America or Armscorp USA produced investment-cast semi-car M14 receivers. During the first year of production, Armscorp receivers were supplied by Smith Manufacturing of Holland, Ohio, which were heat treated and finish machined past Armscorp. From 1988 to 1994, a few receivers with an 'South' series number prefix were made of stainless steel. From approximately 1994 until 2008, Armscorps receiver castings were supplied by the Lamothermic Corporation of Brewster, New York.

Machine 14 [edit]

A product of Troy Industries the Machine 14 (Carbine Assault Rifle fourteen) is a smaller and lighter tactical version of the M14. Its barrel is 12.5 inches long and it weighs 7.ix pounds. The burglarize has select fire ability, a threaded barrel for a muzzle device, a tactical rails on top for optics, and the operating rod cover.[46]

Federal Ordnance [edit]

From 1984 to 1991, Federal Ordnance of South El Monte, California sold a semi-auto version of the M14 rifle. Initially named the M14 or M14A, the burglarize utilized an aftermarket semi-auto receiver fitted with surplus USGI M14 parts. All receivers were machined from castings of AISI 8620 alloy steel. Except for the offset fifty receivers, the castings were supplied by Electro Crisol Metal, S.A. of Santander, Spain, so imported to the US for heat treatment, finish machining, and exterior phosphate treatment. M14 and M14A receivers were heat-treated using the carburizing process by a house in Santa Ana, California, followed by finish machining on a CNC motorcar at Federal Ordnance in South El Monte.

Federal Ordnance M14 and M14A receivers were oestrus-treated and carburized according to USGI M14 requirements. Each completed production rifle was proof fired, so tested for functioning by firing iii rounds. USGI parts and bolts were used extensively in Federal Ordnance rifles through at least series number 88XX. In 1989, Federal Ordnance renamed the rifle the M14SA and M14CSA. Rifles in the 93XX serial range and higher have modified receivers designed to take Chinese-made bolts, barrels, and other parts attributable to a shortage of original USGI components. Approximately 51,000 complete Federal Ordnance M14 rifles and threescore,000 or more than receivers were manufactured before production was halted in belatedly 1991.[19]

La French republic Specialties M14K [edit]

The M14K is a commercial version of the M14 designed and built by Timothy F. LaFrance of La French republic Specialties of San Diego, California, well-nigh using forged receivers produced past Smith Enterprise of Tempe, Arizona. This rifle has a custom-made short barrel with a custom-made flash suppressor, shortened operating rod, and employs a unique gas tube system. Fully automated versions have a removable wink suppressor. Semi-automatic versions (of which very few were made) have a argent-brazed flash hider to comply with the requirement that Title I firearms have a sixteen" barrel. Most M14Ks apply the M60 gas tube organisation. Some late-model M14Ks utilize a custom-designed and manufactured gas system. Both are intended to command the rate of burn in fully automatic mode. The rear sight is a custom-fabricated National Match type discontinuity, and the front sight is a custom-made narrow blade, wing-protected sight to take advantage of the additional accuracy afforded by the special barrel.

The stocks and handguards on M14Ks are shortened versions of the GI birch or walnut stock, merely brand utilize of the original front end ferrule. The front sling mount is relocated slightly to rear, to adapt the shortened stock. Most handguards are of the solid, fiberglass diverseness (albeit shortened), only a limited number were made with shortened wood handguards. The steel buttplate was deleted in favor of a safe recoil pad, which greatly reduces perceived recoil. A express number of M14Ks were manufactured with the BM-59 Alpine / Para folding stock. These too had the shortened stocks and handguards, making for an extremely meaty bundle especially suited to vehicular and airborne operations. A couple of M14Ks were built for SEAL Team members using the tubular folding stock associates on a cut-down M14E2 stock found on some of the Team's full-size M14s prior to adoption of the Sage International EBR stock for M14 applications. These are by far one of the rarest variants of the M14K.

Norinco [edit]

Norinco M14s Custom with a Bushnell red dot sight

The Chinese business firm Norinco manufactures versions of the M14 rifle known equally the M14S (Sporter)[43] [19] and the M305.[44] There are two versions of the M305. The M305A/B, one with the same barrel every bit the regular M14 and one with a short barrel.[47] [48] The M305A is an M14 chambered to fire 7.62x39 ammo.[49] and the M305B is a M14 with an 18.5" barrel and chambered to fire in 7.62 NATO caliber.[50] Copies of the select-fire and semi-auto versions of the M14 were also made past Norinco.[19]

These rifles have been banned from importation (1989 for all Polytech rifles) and (1994 for Norinco rifles) to the U.S., due to a Clinton-era prohibition on Chinese made firearms. They were commonly sold and were pop in Canada for hunting and target shooting until they were reclassified equally Prohibited firearms on May 1, 2020.[51]

Production of these M14s were contracted out to Yunnan Xiyi Industry Visitor Express or Land Factory Number 356 from the rifles to the seven.62 NATO magazines.[52] [53]

Polytech Industries [edit]

Polytech Industries of Cathay made an unlicensed version of the M14 rifle known as the M14S. Polytechs, unlike Norinco rifles, were all banned in the 1989 firearm importation ban past the President George HW Bush-league administration.[54]

Smith Enterprise, Inc. [edit]

Smith Enterprise Inc. was founded every bit Western Ordnance in 1979 by Richard Smith in Mesa, Arizona and the company made numerous types of rifles, only specialized in the M1 Garand and M14.[55] In 1993, Western Ordnance reformed as Smith Enterprise and has built and rebuilt numerous M14 rifles for the US War machine and the militaries of Colombia, Canada and other nations.[56] [57]

The U.S. Department of Defense has contracted Smith Enterprise to build and change M14 rifles for use past soldiers, Marines and sailors in Republic of iraq and Transitional islamic state of afghanistan.[58] [ full citation needed ] Smith Enterprise played a major office in the M14 rifle modernization projects for diverse US military units which resulted in the development of the U.Southward. Navy Marker 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle (EBR).[56] [59] [60] The company'due south history included originally making forged receivers for M14 rifles and briefly switching to investment casting.[55] Smith stopped making receivers for a few years, but reentered the market place with receivers machined from bar stock in 2002.[56]

In 2003 Smith Enterprise Inc. created its version of the M14 Enhanced Battle Burglarize known as the MK14 Mod 0, type SEI. The rifle used a medium heavy weight xviii.0" barrel and was used as a basis to create the United states Navy's Marker 14 Mod 0 with Springfield Armory, Inc. being tasked to supply the necessary machinery in cooperation with the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Partition.[56] SEI builds an improved M14 gas cylinder as a component of their specialized rifles and a function for the military machine to upgrade older rifles. The gas cylinder is assigned the NATO Stock Number: NSN 1005-00-790-8766.[61]

Springfield Armory, Inc. [edit]

Springfield Armory, Inc. of Geneseo, Illinois, produces a semi-automatic only version of the M14 known as the M1A. The visitor produces several variations of the bones rifle with unlike stocks, butt weights, barrel lengths, and other optional features. The Springfield M1A and its model variants have been widely distributed in the U.S. noncombatant market and have seen use by various law enforcement agencies in the U.South. Springfield Armory, Inc. also produce the SOCOM serial and the Picket Squad Rifle, based on the curt-barreled version of the M14. The SOCOM 16 comes with provisions to mountain a scarlet dot sight and the SOCOM II adds railed handguards to the package.

Gallery [edit]

  • Members of the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit, enter the reeds on the edge of Lake Tharthar in Iraq to comport cordon and search operations July 15, 2007.

  • A U.S. soldier scans for activity during a combat patrol in Afghanistan, 2009.

  • A soldier with an M14 equipped with a Sage M14ALCS chassis stock.

  • Ii Sea-Air-Land (SEAL) team members, one equipped with an AN/PAQ-1 laser target designator, right, the other armed with an M14 rifle, presume a defensive position

  • Battle of Hamo Village During the Tet Offensive. US Marines and ARVN troops defend a position confronting enemy attack. Photo taken circa January 1968.

  • Soldiers in a Niger regular army unit stand up in formation while a dignitary visits their outpost during Operation Desert Shield. The men are armed with M14 rifles.

Conflicts [edit]

The M14 rifle has been used in the following conflicts:

  • Vietnam War[30]
  • Communist rebellion in the Philippines[62] [63]
  • Moro disharmonize[62] [63]
  • Ogaden War[64]
  • Falklands War
  • Soviet–Afghan War
  • 2004 Haitian coup d'état[nineteen]
  • Syrian Civil State of war
  • Iraq State of war
  • War in Afghanistan

Users [edit]

T57 Sniper Rifle, Taiwanese M14 copy

  • Afghanistan: Used by soldiers of the Afghan National Army presidential baby-sit for ceremonial duties.[65]
  • Argentina: Used by Argentine soldiers of C Company, Regimento (Especial) de Infanteria 25 in the Falklands State of war at the Boxing of Goose Light-green and San Carlos.[19]
  • Australia: Small quantities of XM21 sniper variants were issued by the Australian Army in the Vietnam State of war. M14 EBRs were besides fielded by Australian special operations forces in Afghanistan.[66]
  • Primal African Commonwealth: Self-defence units[67]
  • Colombia[68]
  • Republic of costa rica[68]
  • Dominican Republic[68]
  • Ecuador[68]
  • Republic of el salvador[68]
  • Eritrea[68]
  • Estonia: Adopted by Estonian war machine as marksman'south rifle, modified past E-Arsenal called the Täpsuspüss M14-TP (Precision Rifle M14-PR), with heavy barrel, bipod, constructed stock, and optical four× sight.[69] [70]
  • Ethiopia[68]
  • Greece[71]
  • Haiti: Used by Haitian security forces in the 2004 Haitian coup d'état.[19]
  • Republic of honduras[68]
  • Iraq: Used past Iraqi special forces under Counter-Terrorism Service control.[72]
  • Israel: Used every bit sniper rifle with eventual conversion and production as M89SR.[19] [73] Israeli M14s were modified with full motorcar disabled and the buttstock modified to accept a built-in cheek piece.[74]
  • Latvia: Unknown number provided by the U.S. in the 1990s nether military assist program.[14]
  • Lebanon: Used by the Tigers Militia and the Zgharta Liberation Army equally a boxing burglarize, and by the Lebanese Forces militia as a sniper rifle in the Lebanese Civil War.[75]
  • Lithuania: Lithuanian Armed Forces.[76]
  • Malaysia: Pasukan Khas Laut of the Royal Malaysian Navy.[77]
  • Morocco[71]
  • Niger[68]
  • Philippines: 104,000 used inside the Armed Forces of the Philippines[71] with most decommissioned.[68] [78] [79]
  • South korea: Unknown number provided by the U.S. in the 1990s under military assistance programme.[14] Virtually of the M14s were scrapped and small numbers are used for ceremonial duties.[80] [81]
  • Taiwan (Republic of China): Fabricated nether license every bit the Type 57.[19]
  • Tunisia[68]
  • Turkey: Unknown number provided by the U.South. in the 1990s under military machine help program. Still in apply with ship personnel of the Turkish Navy.[14]
  • United States: Uses the M14SE, manufactured past Smith Enterprise Inc., in SDM roles and has purchased M14s from other manufacturers.[82] Also uses M14s custom built or modified in war machine armories, such as the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle. The M14 is issued to crew members on Military Sealift Command vessels.[83] The rifle is also used by the U.Due south. Border Patrol and by the Park Rangers of U.Due south. National Park Service.[84]
  • Venezuela[85]
  • Vietnam: Later on the Vietnam War, the People'south Army of Vietnam inherited a large quantity of M14 rifles from the Commonwealth of Vietnam Military Forces. In 2016, Mill Z113 successfully put the 7.62×51mm cartridge (designated M80) into mass-production for use in these M14 and other NATO firearms like the M60 machine gun and FN Mag.[86]

Encounter as well [edit]

  • Springfield Armory M1A

References [edit]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Duff, Scott A., John M. Miller, and contributing editor David C. Clark. The M14 Possessor's Guide and Match Conditioning Instructions. Consign, Penn.: Scott A. Duff Publications, 1996. ISBN 1-888722-07-Ten.
  • Murphy, Edward F. The Hill Fights: The Offset Battle of Khe Sanh. Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 2003. ISBN 0-89141-747-8.
  • Pisor, Robert L. The End of the Line: The Siege of Khe Sanh. New York: West.West. Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. ISBN 0-393-32269-6.
  • Rose, Alexander. American Rifle: A Biography. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-553-80517-8.
  • Stevens, R. Blake. U.S. Rifle M14: From John Garand to the M21. Toronto: Collector Form Publications, Inc., 1995. ISBN 0-88935-110-4.
  • Thompson, Leroy (2014). The M14 Battle Rifle. Weapon 37. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781472802552.

External links [edit]

  • "How the M14 7.62 Burglarize Operates" - United states Army training film is available for free download at the Internet Archive
  • FM 23-8 "Rifle 7.62mm, M14 and M14E2" Army Field Manual at the Internet Archive
  • M14 to MK 14, Evolution of a Boxing Rifle

M14 With Bipod M14 Airsoft Silencer

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